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Soumia, P. S.
- Impact of Elevated CO2 on Oryza sativa Phenology and Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera:Delphacidae) Population
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Division of Entomology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, IN
2 Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, IN
1 Division of Entomology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, IN
2 Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 114, No 08 (2018), Pagination: 1767-1777Abstract
The impact of elevated CO2 (570 ± 25 ppm) on brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) and Pusa Basmati 1401 rice in comparison to ambient CO2 was studied in open top chambers (OTCs) during the rainy seasons of 2013 and 2014. Crop canopy circumference was higher (13.1–16.8 cm) under elevated CO2 when compared to ambient CO2 (10.3–13.1 cm) during different rice phenological stages indicating the positive influence of elevated CO2. In addition, elevated CO2 exhibited a positive effect on rice plants through increase in tiller number (17.6%), reproductive tiller number (16.2%), number of seeds/panicle (15.1%) and thousand grains weight (10.8%) that resulted in higher grain yield (15%) when compared to ambient CO2. Elevated CO2 also exhibited a positive effect on brown planthopper population through increase in fecundity (29% and 31.6%) which resulted in a significant increase in its population to 150.3 ± 16.4 and 97.7 ± 8.7 hoppers/hill at peak incidence during 2013 and 2014 respectively, when compared to the corresponding 49.1 ± 9.3 and 43.7 ± 7.0 hoppers/hill under ambient CO2. Moreover, brown planthopper females excreted more honeydew (68.2% and 72.3%) under elevated CO2 over ambient CO2 during both years. However, elevated CO2 caused reduction in the longevity of females (23.9–27.4%) during both years and male longevity (24.1%) during 2013. Despite the positive effect, rice crops suffered higher yield loss under elevated CO2 (29.9–34.9%) due to increased brown planthopper infestation coupled with higher sucking rate due to reduced nitrogen level under elevated CO2 compared to ambient CO2 (17–23.1%) during 2013 and 2014.Keywords
Brown Planthopper, Climate Change, Elevated CO2, Hopper Burn, Poaceae, Yield Loss.Full Text
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- Imidacloprid Efficacy against Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens under Elevated Carbon Dioxide and Temperature
Abstract Views :252 |
PDF Views:80
Authors
Govindharaj Guru-Pirasanna-Pandi
1,
Subhash Chander
1,
Madan Pal Singh
1,
P. S. Soumia
1,
M. Sujithra
1
Affiliations
1 Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, IN
1 Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 117, No 7 (2019), Pagination: 1199-1206Abstract
Influence of elevated CO2 and temperature (elevated condition (EC)) vis-à-vis ambient CO2 and tempera-ture (ambient condition (AC)) on plant (rice) growth, insect Nilaparvata lugens (brown planthopper (BPH)) population and insecticide (Imidacloprid) efficacy was evaluated under open top chamber conditions. EC had a positive effect on rice crop through increase in tillers numbers (18.4%), reproductive tillers (20.5%) but in-flicted negative effect on 1000-grain weight (11.7%) and grain yield (11.9%). Likewise, higher canopy cover of the plant was noticed under EC (16.1 cm) when compared to AC (12.9 cm). With respect to BPH population during 2013 and 2014, EC exhibited posi-tive effect by enhancing its mean population to 66.1 and 49.4 hoppers hill–1 respectively, compared to cor-responding 36.8 and 29.5 hoppers hill–1 under AC. With respect to Imidacloprid efficacy against BPH, LC50 was significantly lower under EC (0.044%) in comparison to AC (0.065). Similarly, in 2013 under AC, 500, 600, 700 l ha–1 spray volume caused >50% BPH mortality than 400 l ha–1 at 5 day after spray. However, during the same exposure period under EC, only 700 and 600 l ha–1 produced more than 50% mortality compared to 500 and 400 l ha–1. Positive in-fluence of EC on BPH population resulted in signifi-cantly higher yield loss (41.1%) compared to ambient (26.5%) in untreated check. Though LC50 under EC was less, higher canopy size and more BPH population resulted in increase in spray volume to cause similar mortality as of AC. The present results indicated that spray volumes of 400 and 500 l ha–1 was found insuffi-cient to manage BPH population under EC; hence the current management strategies for BPH needs to be redefined under changing climatic conditions.Keywords
Basmati Rice, Brown Planthopper, Climate Change, Elevated CO2, Insecticide.Full Text
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- Effect of Interannual Rainfall Variability and Distribution on Growth and Yield of Kharif Onion Cultivars in India
Abstract Views :104 |
PDF Views:66
Authors
A. Thangasamy
1,
Pranjali A. Gedam
1,
P. S. Soumia
1,
Sourav Ghosh
1,
V. Karuppaiah
1,
Vijay Mahajan
1,
Major Singh
1
Affiliations
1 Soil Science Laboratory, ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Pune 410 505, IN
1 Soil Science Laboratory, ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Pune 410 505, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 124, No 6 (2023), Pagination: 713-721Abstract
Four-year field experiments were conducted to assess the effect of interannual rainfall variability and distribution on the plant growth parameters and yield five kharif onion cultivars, viz. Bhima Super, Bhima Dark Red, Agrifound Dark Red, Arka Kalyan and Phule Samarth. Each cultivar was replicated six times. The plant growth parameters and yield were recorded during the plant growth period. The results showed that rainfall received 30–60 days after transplanting substantially and negatively affected the plant growth parameters and bulb yield of all the cultivars during the high-rainfall years while increasing onion bulb rotting losses. Bhima Super and Bhima Dark Red produced significantly higher marketable bulb yields throughout the experimental period. Hence these two cultivars can be successfully cultivated during the kharif season. However, they produced 44.5–63.6% lower yield during the high-rainfall than the low-rainfall years. This indicates that the yield of kharif onion cultivars could be further increased through improved management practices.Keywords
Bulb Yield, Kharif Onion Cultivars, Leaf Area Index, Plant Growth Period, Rainfall Intensity.Full Text
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